Everything about Carbonization totally explained
Carbonization or
Carbonisation is the term for the conversion of an
organic substance into
carbon or a carbon-containing residue through
pyrolysis or
destructive distillation. It is often used in
organic chemistry with reference to the generation of
coal gas and
coal tar from raw
coal. Fossil fuels in general are the products of the carbonization of vegetable matter.
Carbonization is often
exothermic, which means that it could in principle be made self-sustaining and be used as a source of energy which doesn't produce
carbon dioxide. (See .) In the case of
glucose, the reaction releases about 237
calories per gram.
When
biomaterial is exposed to sudden searing heat (as in the case of an
atomic bomb explosion or
pyroclastic flow from a
volcano, for instance), it can be carbonized extremely quickly, turning it into solid carbon. In the destruction of
Herculaneum by a volcano, many organic objects such as furniture were carbonized by the intense heat.
In one study carbonization was used to create a new
catalyst for the generation of
biodiesel from
ethanol and
fatty acids. The catalyst was created by carbonization of simple
sugars such as
glucose and
sucrose. The sugars were processed for 15 hours at 400
°C under a nitrogen flow to a black carbon residue consisting of a complex mixture of
polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets. This material was then treated with
sulfuric acid which functionalized the sheets with
sulfonite,
carboxyl and
hydroxyl catalytic sites.
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